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Adaptive SVGs with ``, ``, and Media Queries

Introduction

In the world of web development, creating scalable and adaptive graphics is essential for responsive design. Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) allow developers to use vector images that scale without losing quality. In this fifth installment of our Smashing Animations series, we’ll explore how to build adaptive SVGs using the <symbol> and <use> elements, along with CSS media queries. This combination enables you to create visually appealing graphics that adapt to different screen sizes seamlessly.

Understanding `` and ``

The <symbol> element defines a reusable graphical object that can be used multiple times throughout an SVG. The <use> element allows you to instantiate the <symbol> multiple times in your SVG, thereby promoting efficiency and reducing redundancy.

Creating SVG Symbols

Let’s start by creating a simple SVG symbol. Below is an example of a circle symbol:

<svg style="display: none;">
  <symbol id="circle" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
    <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40" fill="blue" />
  </symbol>
</svg>

Using SVG Symbols

Now that we have defined our symbol, we can use it throughout our SVG:

<svg width="100" height="100">
  <use href="#circle" />
</svg>

Making SVGs Adaptive with Media Queries

To make our SVGs adaptive, we will use CSS media queries. This allows us to change the size or style of the SVG depending on the screen size. Hereā€™s how to do it:

Step-by-Step Implementation

  1. Define your SVG and symbols as shown above.
  2. Apply CSS styles using media queries:
svg {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  use {
    fill: red;
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 601px) {
  use {
    fill: blue;
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
  }
}

Example of Adaptive SVG

Combining everything, hereā€™s how your complete SVG code might look:

<svg style="display: none;">
  <symbol id="circle" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
    <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40" fill="blue" />
  </symbol>
</svg>

<svg>
  <use href="#circle" />
</svg>

FAQs

What are SVG symbols?

SVG symbols are reusable graphical objects defined within the <symbol> element in SVG. They help reduce redundancy in graphic definitions.

How do media queries affect SVGs?

Media queries allow you to change the style of SVGs based on the viewport size, enabling responsive designs.

Can I animate SVGs defined with symbols?

Yes! You can apply CSS animations or JavaScript to SVG symbols just like any other HTML element.

Conclusion

Creating adaptive SVGs using <symbol> and <use> elements, combined with CSS media queries, is a powerful technique for modern web design. This method not only optimizes your SVG graphics but also enhances usability across various devices. For further optimization, consider using tools like the CSS Minifier and HTML Minifier from WebToolsLab. Happy coding!

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